The Church's Rejection in Cilegon: The Perspective of Freedom of Religion

Muhammad Wildan Ramadhan Adzimi; Sholahuddin Al-Fatih

doi:10.30649/htlj.v9i1.285

Authors

Muhammad Wildan Ramadhan Adzimi Faculty of Law, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia
Sholahuddin Al-Fatih Faculty of Law, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30649/htlj.v9i1.285

Keywords:

State, Houses of Worship, Freedom of Religion

Abstract

Freedom of religion is a right guaranteed by law, including the right to establish places of worship for the safe and peaceful practice of religion. Given the potential for conflict between religious communities, the government must accommodate these needs fairly and without favouring any particular group. This study aims to analyse the application of freedom of religion in the establishment of houses of worship in Cilegon City based on applicable laws and regulations and to find a fair solution for all parties in order to create a more inclusive and effective policy to ensure the right to worship for all citizens without discrimination and not to create conflict between religious communities. In conducting this research, a normative research method was used, namely by analysing existing and applicable laws and regulations, then reviewing how they are applied in society. In this case, it was found that there are values in the regulations that do not apply in society, namely that there is rejection in the establishment of houses of worship of certain religions by the surrounding community. On the other hand, an in-depth analysis is needed and the aspirations of the rejecting community must be accepted so that justice is created and does not cause conflict between religious communities.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Al-Fatih, Sholahuddin. Perkembangan Metode Penelitian Hukum di Indonesia. Malang: UMM Press, 2023.

Al-Fatih, Sholahuddin, and Zaka Firma Aditya. “Peran Negara dalam Pemenuhan Hak Kebebasan Beragama dan Berkeyakinan Masyarakat Adat (The Role of the State in Fulfilling the Rights of Freedom of Religion and Belief in Indigenous Peoples).” In Hukum dan Birokrasi untuk Indonesia Tangguh, 1–22. Malang: Universitas Islam Malang, 2020. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3776964.

Al-Khanif. Hukum Dan Kebebasan Beragama Di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: LaksBang Mediatama, 2010.

American Association for the International Commission of Jurist, AAICJ. Siracusa Principles:on the Limitation and Derogation Provisions in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1985).

Asshiddiqie, Jimly. Konstitusi Kebudayaan Dan Kebudayaan Konstitusi. Cetakan 1. Malang: Intrans Publishing, 2017.

(BPS), Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Cilegon. “Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Kabupaten/Kota dan Agama yang Dianut di Provinsi Banten,” 2023. https://cilegonkota.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/MjEzIzI=/population-by-regency-municipality-and-religion-in-banten--province.html.

Christiana, Maya. “Hak Konstitusional: Politik Hukum Kebebasan Beragama di Indonesia.” Progresif:Jurnal Hukum, December 2022. https://doi.org/10.30641/ham.2019.10.57-67.

DetikNews, Tim. “A-Z soal Walkot Cilegon Ikut Teken Petisi Tolak Bangun Gereja.” detikjateng, 2022. https://www.detik.com/jateng/berita/d-6281870/a-z-soal-walkot-cilegon-ikut-teken-petisi-tolak-bangun-gereja?single=1.

El-Mutaj, Majda. Hak Asasi Manusia Dalam Konstitusi Indonesia Dari UUD 1945 Sampai Dengan Amandemen UUD 1945 Tahun 2002. Cetakan ke. Jakarta: KENCANA, 2005.

Evans, Jonathan. “Where Is the Most Religious Place in the World?,” August 9, 2024. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/08/09/where-is-the-most-religious-place-in-the-world/.

Fatmawati. “Perlindungan Hak Atas Kebebasan Beragama Dan Beribadah Dalam Negara Hukum Indonesia.” Jurnal Konstitusi 8, no. 4 (August 2011): 489–520. https://doi.org/10.31078/JK844.

HAM, Komnas. Standar Norma Dan Pengaturan Nomor 2 Tentang Hak Atas Kebebasan Beragama Dan Berkeyakinan (2020). https://www.komnasham.go.id/index.php/peraturan/2020/12/09/31/standar-norma-dan-pengaturan-nomor-2-tentang-hak-atas-kebebasan-beragama-dan-berkeyakinan.html.

Hasanuddin, Iqbal. “Hak Atas Kebebasan Beragama/Berkeyakinan: Sebuah Upaya Pendasaran Filosofis.” Societas Dei: Jurnal Agama Dan Masyarakat 4 (April 24, 2017): 94. https://doi.org/10.33550/SD.V4I1.44.

Hotimah, Husnul, and Nurhayati. “Penolakan Pembangunan Rumah Ibadah di Kota Cilegon Dalam Konteks Regulasi Dan Moderasi Beragama.” Wawasan: Jurnal Kediklatan Balai Diklat Keagamaan Jakarta 5, no. 1 (September 9, 2024): 134–43. https://doi.org/10.53800/WAWASAN.V5I1.297.

Indonesia, Republik. UU No. 39 Tahun 1999 (1999). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/45361/uu-no-39-tahun-1999.

Institute, SETARA. “Indeks Kota Toleran 2023 | Setara Institute.” Accessed March 12, 2025. https://setara-institute.org/indeks-kota-toleran-2023/.

Institute, Setara. “Penghapusan Rekomendasi Fkub Dalam Pendirian Rumah Ibadah: Lebih Kompatibel Dengan Tata Kebinekaan.” SETARA Institute, August 10, 2024. https://setara-institute.org/penghapusan-rekomendasi-fkub-dalam-pendirian-rumah-ibadah-lebih-kompatibel-dengan-tata-kebinekaan/.

Iqbal, M. “Beda FKUB Cilegon Dan Panitia Pembanguan Seputar Awal Penolakan Gereja.” Detiknews, September 13, 2022. https://news.detik.com/berita/d-6288443/beda-fkub-cilegon-dan-panitia-pembanguan-seputar-awal-penolakan-gereja.

———. “FKUB Ungkap 3 Hal Ini Jadi Alasan Adanya Penolakan Gereja di Cilegon.” detiknews, September 11, 2022. https://news.detik.com/berita/d-6285503/fkub-ungkap-3-hal-ini-jadi-alasan-adanya-penolakan-gereja-di-cilegon.

Kansil, C.S.T, and Christine S.T Kansil. Hukum Tata Negara Republik Indonesia:Pengertian Hukum Tata Negara Dan Perkembangan Pemerintah Indonesia Sejak Proklamasi Kemerdekaan 1945 Hingga Kini. Edisi ke-2. Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta, 2008.

(KPKT), Kementrian Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan. Garis Panduan Perancangan Tokong, Kuil, Gereja dan Gurdwara Jabatan Perancangan Bandar dan Desa Semenanjung Malaysia Kementrian Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan (2011).

Lestari, Agisthia, and Aziz Reza Randisa. “Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Polemik Penolakan Pembangunan Gereja HKBP Maranatha Di Kota Cilegon.” Populis : Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2024): 220–27. https://doi.org/10.47313/PJSH.V9I2.3914.

Lubis, M.Solly. Pembahasan UUD 1945 . Cetakan 1. Bandung: PT. Alumni, 1997.

Mahfud MD, Moh. Kebebasan Beragama Dalam Perspektif Konstitusi. Jakarta: Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia, 2009.

MD Ahair, Nurul Faezah, and Zuliza Mohd Kusrin. “Kawalan Undang-Undang Terhadap Pembinaan Rumah Ibadat Di Malaysia:Legal Controls Towards Construction of Houses of Worship in Malaysia.” Journal of Contemporary Islamic Law 5, no. 2 (2020): 53–64. https://journalarticle.ukm.my/19054/1/JCIL-2020-52-Article-5.pdf.

MENAG, MENDAGRI. Peraturan Bersama Menteri Agama dan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor: 9 Tahun 2006 Nomor: 8 Tahun 2006 Pedoman Pelaksanaan Tugas Kepala Daerah/Wakil Kepala Daerah Dalam Pemeliharaan Kerukunan Umat Beragama, Pemberdayaan Forum Kerukunan Umat Beragama dan Pendirian Rumah Ibadat (2006). //eperpus.kemenag.go.id%2Findex.php%3Fp%3Dshow_detail%26id%3D10155.

Munawar Ismail, Ahmad, and Wan Kamal Mujani. “Had Kebebasan Bersuara Dalam Hak Kebebasan Beragama Di Malaysia:Limits of Expression in Religious Freedom Rights in Malaysia.” Jurnal Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Shah 7, no. 2 (2020): 176–92. https://myjurnal.mohe.gov.my/public/article-view.php?id=195685.

Muslim, Nazri, and Ahmad Hidayat Buang. “Islam Dalam Perlembagaan Persekutuan Dari Perspektif Hubungan Etnik di Malaysia.” Jurnal Kemanusiaan Bil.20 20 (2017). https://jurnalkemanusiaan.utm.my/index.php/kemanusiaan/article/view/68.

Nainggolan, Yossa A.P. “Hak Atas Kebebasan Beragama dan/ atau Berkeyakinan: Forum Internum dan Forum Eksternum.” Jurnal HAM 6 (2010). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.58823/jham.v6i6.56.

Nurhakim, Nasrun, Muhamad Irfan Adriansyah, and Dinnie Anggraeni Dewi. “Intoleransi Antar Umat Beragama di Indonesia.” MARAS: Jurnal Penelitian Multidisiplin 2 (March 1, 2024): 50–61. https://doi.org/10.60126/maras.v2i1.126.

Permana, Irfan Setia. “Pemerintah Dan Hak Beragama Di Indonesia (Peran Pemerintah Dalam Memelihara Hak Beragama di Indonesia).” Tedc 12, no. 2 (2018): 127–32. https://garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/documents/detail/2967815.

Qamar, Nurul. Hak Asasi Manusia Dalam Negara Hukum Demokrasi:Human Rights In Democratiche Rechsstaat. Edisi 1. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2013.

Qodir, Zuly, Kaum Muda, and Radikalisme Agama. “Kaum Muda, Intoleransi, Dan Radikalisme Agama.” Jurnal Studi Pemuda 5, no. 1 (May 2018): 429–45. https://doi.org/10.22146/STUDIPEMUDAUGM.37127.

Rahmat, M.Imdadun. “Jaminan Kebebasan Beragama dan Berkeyakinan di Indonesia.” Jurnal HAM 11 (2014). https://www.komnasham.go.id/index.php/publikasi/2019/04/25/103/jurnal-ham-vol-11-tahun-2014.html.

Ramadhan, Febriansyah. & Rafiqi, Ilham Dwi. "Menggali Asas-Asas Pengadilan Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Pengujian Undang-Undang Pengadilan Hak Asasi Manusia," Journal of Judicial Review 24, no. 1 (2022): 35-58, https://doi.org/10.37253/jjr.v24i1.5376

Rijkia Alpianti, Putri, Aldi Maulana, Lailatul Mafulah, and Eko Ribawati. “Petani Melawan: Sejarah Pemberontakan Petani Banten (Geger Cilegon 1888).” Sindoro: Cendikia Pendidikan, 2024, 10. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.9644/sindoro.v4i5.3317.

Sadzali, Ahmad. Relasi Agama&Negara:Teokrasi-Sekuler-Tamyiz. Yogyakarta: Pusat Studi Hukum Islam (PSHI) Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia, 2018. https://law.uii.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Relasi-Agama-dan-Negara-PSHI-FH-UII.pdf.

Sari, Yulia. “Peranan Forum Kerukunan Umat Beragama Dalam Membina Kerukunan Umat Beragama Di Kota Bengkulu.” INFACTUM: Journal of Interfaith Cultural Understanding Moderation 2, no. 1 (2022): 67–82. https://e-journal.iainptk.ac.id/index.php/infactum/article/view/273.

Simbolon, Nova, and Elvri Teresia Simbolon. “Dampak Intoleransi Beragama Terhadap Kerukunan Umat Beragama Dilingkungan Masjid Raya Tarutung.” Kultura: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Sosial, dan Humaniora 1, no. 5 (2023). https://garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/documents/detail/4213198.

Sunarno, Ali, Asep Ikbal, and Lala Indrawati. “Upaya Meminimalisir Kasus Intoleransi Dalam Pendirian Tempat Ibadah Demi Terciptanya Kohesi Sosial Pada Masyarakat Multikultural Di Kalimantan Tengah.” Jurnal Paris Langkis:Jurnal Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan 3, no. 2 (March 2023). https://e-journal.upr.ac.id/index.php/parislangkis.

Tanamal, Nini Adelina, and Sapta Baralaska Utama Siagian. “Implementasi Nilai Pancasila Dalam Menangani Intoleransi di Indonesia.” Jurnal Lemhannas RI 8, no. 3 (October 2020): 172–89. https://doi.org/10.55960/JLRI.V8I3.341.

Taufiq, Otong Husni, Agus Budiman, and Egi Nurholis. “Kebijakan dalam Menanggulangi Ancaman Intoleransi Beragama terhadap Ketahanan Ideologi Pancasila di Kabupaten Ciamis Jawa Barat.” Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional 30, no. 2 (August 2024): 161–82. https://doi.org/10.22146/JKN.98566.

Thea DA, Ady. “Imparsial: Penolakan Pembangunan Gereja Di Cilegon Melanggar Konstitusi.” Hukum Online.Com, September 12, 2022. https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/imparsial--penolakan-pembangunan-gereja-di-cilegon-melanggar-konstitusi-lt631ead3fad9fa/.

Wahyudin, Wawan. “Mengurai Polemik Penolakan Pendirian Gereja di Cilegon,” September 9, 2022. https://kemenag.go.id/opini/mengurai-polemik-penolakan-pendirian-gereja-di-cilegon-jr7bvt.

Wicaksana, Pradnya. “Cilegon Menolak Pembangunan Gereja, Pakar HAM UNAIR Berikan Catatan - Universitas Airlangga Official Website.” Universitas Airlangga, September 21, 2022. https://unair.ac.id/cilegon-menolak-pembangunan-gereja-pakar-ham-unair-berikan-catatan/.

Zulhidayat, Muhammad. “Ambiguitas Hak Konstitusional Kebebasan Beragama Dan Berkeyakinan di Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Ius Constitutum.” Jurnal Nalar Keadilan 1, no. 1 (May 2021): 59–73. https://jurnal.universitasjakarta.ac.id/index.php/jurnal-fh-unija/article/view/5.