Strengthening Carbon Tax: Implementing the Paris Agreement and the Green Economy in Indonesia

Ahmad RIzal Roby  Ananta; Ahmad Dzaki Abidin; Iqbal Aryawidya Jhoncilla

doi:10.30649/htlj.v9i1.282

Penulis

Ahmad RIzal Roby Ananta Faculty of Law, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
Ahmad Dzaki Abidin Universitas Airlangga
Iqbal Aryawidya Jhoncilla Universitas Airlangga

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30649/htlj.v9i1.282

Kata Kunci:

Pajak Karbon, Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim, Ekonomi Hijau, Peraturan

Abstrak

Perubahan iklim yang dipicu oleh emisi gas rumah kaca dari bahan bakar fosil semakin mengancam ekosistem dan ekonomi global. Pajak karbon merupakan salah satu instrumen kebijakan yang diterapkan di berbagai negara, termasuk Indonesia, untuk mengurangi emisi dan mendorong transisi menuju ekonomi hijau. Indonesia mengadopsi kebijakan ini melalui UU No. 7 Tahun 2021 tentang Pajak Karbon, dengan tarif awal sebesar Rp 30 per kg CO₂e (USD 2 per ton CO₂e), yang merupakan salah satu yang terendah di dunia. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas kebijakan pajak karbon di Indonesia dengan membandingkannya dengan Swedia. Negara ini telah menerapkan pajak karbon sejak tahun 1991 dan berhasil menurunkan emisi sebesar 27%.

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan normatif dengan metode perbandingan hukum, perundang-undangan, dan konseptual. Data dikumpulkan dari peraturan primer, jurnal ilmiah, dan laporan internasional terkait pajak karbon.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan pajak karbon di Indonesia masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, seperti tarif yang rendah, ketergantungan terhadap bahan bakar fosil, dan mekanisme perdagangan karbon yang belum optimal.

Untuk meningkatkan efektivitasnya, diperlukan penyesuaian tarif secara bertahap, insentif energi hijau, serta penguatan regulasi dan pengawasan. Dengan kebijakan yang lebih komprehensif berdasarkan praktik terbaik global, Indonesia dapat mempercepat target nol emisi bersih tahun 2060 dan membangun ekonomi hijau yang berkelanjutan.

Kata kunci: Pajak karbon, mitigasi perubahan iklim, ekonomi hijau.

Unduhan

Data unduhan belum tersedia.

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